In this study, we looked at the types and uses of the basic gueum of samulnori instruments used in performances of nongak and samulnori, and based on this, we investigated the principles and systems of gueum of samulnori instruments. The results are as follows. The gueum of the samulnori instruments is determined by the playing method and the initial, middle, and final phonemes. First, in the leather instrument group, the plosive flat consonant of ‘ㄷ, ㄱ’ and the plosive tense consonant of ‘ㄸ’ are used depending on the articulation method, while in the metal instrument group, the plosive consonant consonant of ‘ㄱ’ and the plosive consonant consonant of ‘ㅟ’ are used. In addition, when pronunciation is made based on the position of the tongue in the leather instrument group, the vowels ‘ㅓ, ㅏ, ’ appear with the tip of the tongue behind, whereas in the metal instrument group, the vowel ‘ ’ with the tip of the tongue in front is used when pronunciation. do. Meanwhile, in the case of final consonants in which a consonant appears, depending on the articulation method, in the leather instrument group, the nasal consonant ‘ㅇ’ and the plosive flat ‘ㄱ’ are used, but in the metal instrument group, the nasal consonant ‘ ㄴ, ㅇ’ and the plosive flat ‘ㄱ’ are used. The fricative plain consonant ‘ㅅ’ appeared, showing that relatively diverse consonants were being used. In short, the samulnori instrument gueum is classified according to the material of the instrument and the playing method, which in turn are differentiated from each other based on the phonemes of the initial, middle, and final consonants.